Feline Leukemia and FIV

By now we have all heard about the AIDS virus, but many still do not know about the AIDS-like viruses that affect cats, Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and the Feline Inmmunodeficiency Virus(FIV).  Both viruses can cause symptoms that are similar to those found in humans with AIDS.  Cats with FeLV or FIV have trouble fighting off diseases and infection because the viruses cripple the cat's immune systems by destroying the white blood cells.  Cats with FeLV can develop tumors or leukemia, but most become ill and eventually die because of other infections brought on by their body's inability to fight infection, just like an AIDS patient.

FeLV is spread when an infected cat comes into contact with another cat in activities such as fighting or grooming.  Cat owners should be wary of the virus and should have cats tested before bringing them into the household.  Any cat that goes outside or comes in contact with strange or untested cats is at risk for FeLV. 

When a cat is exposed to the virus, three things can happen.  First, the cat may fight off the infection and be completely free of the virus.  Second, the virus can localize in the bone marrow in what is called "latent infection".  In this case, the cat will test negative for FeLV and is not infectious to other cats.  Finally, the cat can become infected with the virus.  This cat will test positive and be contagious to other cats. 

There are vaccines for FeLV, but they are not 100% effective.  Before having a cat vaccinated, it is best to have it tested by a veterinarian.  The vaccine does not help the cat once it has the virus. 

There is no treatment for the virus itself.  The symptoms are most often treated to make the cat more comfortable.  Cats infected with FeLV will have shorter lives and become ill more often.

FIV was discovered in 1987.  Like AIDS, FIV does not show signs for a long period of time after the cat has been affected.  FIV is usually transmitted through bite wounds.    It is commonly seen in outdoor cats.  It can be detected with a blood test, however, there is no vaccine available.

The best way to keep your cat safe from wither of these deadly viruses, is to keep it indoors and to have any new carts tested before introducing them into your household. If you have a cat that is infected with either of these viruses, it is unwise to bring another healthy cat into your home.  After the infected cat dies, it is best to wait a while and do a thorough cleaning.  In this way, you lessen the chance of the second cat getting the virus and starting a heartbreaking cycle of illness and death.